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 The Brain and
Phentermine
Phentermine's effect on The Brain
The functioning of nervous system depends on nerve cells. These
cells are called neurons and are the information transmitting and
information processing elements through which our nervous system
functions.
Neurons come in all shapes and sizes, depending on the highly
specialized tasks they perform.
All are similar in that they are composed of:
1) a cell body (soma)
The soma contains most of the machinery required for the life
processes of a neuron
2) dendrites
Dendrites look like tree branches, and serve to aid neurons as they
communicate with each other
3) the axon
The axon is a long and slender tube that carries an electrical
message with information from the soma to the terminal buttons
4) terminal buttons
Terminal buttons exist at the ends of the many branches that divide
out from the axon. The terminal buttons receive the message
transferred down the axon, store them in their synaptic vesicles and
are responsible for then secreting these transmitter substances.
These transmitter substances are called neurotransmitters. The
terminal buttons release these message carriers into the synapses -
the junctions between two neurons, usually between the terminal
buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron. These
messages are transferred in one direction. For this reason, the
transferring neuron is the presynaptic membrane, while the receiving
neuron is the postsynaptic membrane. The area between these
membranes into which the neurotransmitters are released is called
the synaptic cleft.
When the axon of a neuron fires (i.e. propagates an electrical
charge), the synaptic vesicles fill up with the transmitter
substance, adhere to the presynaptic membrane and then rupture. The
transmitter substance is then released into the synaptic cleft,
where it may or may not be picked up by the postsynaptic receptors
of another neuron's membrane.
The postsynaptic neuron's receptors can find these chemicals, or
messages, either excitatory (depolarizations) or inhibitory (hyperpolariztions).
This will affect the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to
the neurotransmitter.
The presynaptic terminal buttons only release their neurotransmitter
substances briefly. The process is stopped by a process of reuptake
by the presynaptic terminal buttons and causes a very fast removal
of the transmitter substance from the synaptic cleft. In effect, the
terminal buttons release the chemicals, then quickly take them back,
unless quickly absorbed into the postsynaptic membrane of other
neurons.
The drug Phentermine is believed to affect the reuptake of
norephinehprine and serotonin, resulting in increased levels of
these neurotransmitters in the brain. In this way, Phentermine
produces its appetite suppressing effects.
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